Symptoms And Treatment Of Parkinson s Disease - 1762 Words

â€Å"Your 35-year-old spouse has been diagnosed with Parkinson’s Disease†. These words hit home when dealing with a spouse. Question’s start to fly with what Parkinson’s disease really entails. Like any other disease, each case is different from the next, but it all comes down to a gradual decrease in the range of muscle movement. When diagnosed, patients with PD have already lost and are still loosing nerve cells that produce dopamine and since dopamine helps control the movement of muscles it hinders the ability to regulate more and more movement over time. Parkinson’s disease is not just a gradual decrease in the range of muscle movement; it also creates problems with non-motor abilities. It creates symptoms of poor sleep, inability†¦show more content†¦And ultimately, will Parkinson’s disease speed up time in a sense of the grim reaper coming much faster than wanted or expected before the diagnostic of having Parkinsonâ₠¬â„¢s disease? Even though those answers do not have definite â€Å"no† or â€Å"yes† answers, a family, spouse, or friend can plan for the worst and strive for the best outcomes for a person with Parkinson’s Disease. In a situation like this a case study was performed with a psychologist and a wife of a 35-year-old man who was just diagnosed with Parkinson’s disease. The actions of the wife and her children are recorded for researching purposes: The psychologist meets the wife and kids for the first time. The wife tells the psychologist their situation, â€Å" My 35-year-old husband has just been diagnosed with Parkinson’s disease and I have no idea on what to expect, do, or how to handle it.† The psychologist proceeds to inform the wife and her children about how, in time, the husband’s movement of his head to his feet will ceased to control them. Also the psychologist states that she will not be able to predict the future event s that will occur, but she will be able to help cope with the difficulties they may face and develop coping strategies that are suitable for them as a family. With that incite in fresh in their minds they make another appointment. The psychologist and the family meet again, this time the husband is starting to show minor symptoms of having Parkinson’s

In The Fall Of 2016, Covergirl Released A New Campaign

In the fall of 2016, CoverGirl released a new campaign for a mascara called â€Å"So Lashy†. This mascaras key point was that it was designed to work on all types of lashes, keyword all, so why not have a male represent the diversity this mascara offered? James Charles, a 17 year old high-schooler from New York became the first male ever to be a â€Å"cover girl†, and has been one of the first males to be publicly recognized for his makeup abilities. James started learning about makeup after his friends requested him do their hair for events. After a few years James set up an Instagram to model some of the looks he created and shortly after created a YouTube for tutorials; he currently has 90,000 subscribers on YouTube and 650,000 on Instagram ().†¦show more content†¦But that’s not the way we are choosing to raise you.† and that it was â€Å"sinful and wrong. He shouldn’t be doing that, and his parents are wrong† (yahoo). This topic of children and parents seems to be the underlying issue behind all that oppose of James’s choices. The idea of raising children according to their gender, and more specifically, the devaluation of femininity and homosexuality, is the main focus to the entire backlash argument and is always centered around the parents of the child. A study was preformed by Emily W. Kane, focusing on the responses of parents toward their preschooler’s gender non-conformity. The studies concluded that girls were more likely to be praised for non-conforming to their gender, to act more like boys at their age, but young boys were more policed on staying within their gender. Most Parents tried to discourage their sons from feminine clothing’s, toys, or activities; â€Å"He’s asked about wearing girl clothes before, and I said no. . . . He likes pink, and I try not to encourage him to like pink just because, you know, he’s not a girl† one mother stated (Kane). Fathers in particular seemed to be even more negative about their sons displaying femininity, as Kane states that fathers may â€Å" feel a since of responsibility towards crafting their sons masculinity† (Kane). In one video centered around the opposition of James, a pastor brought up

The name of the organization is Microcel Ltd Free Essays

The name of the organization is Microcel Ltd. Previously it had been in the business of selling computer hardware. Currently it has been developing business applications software in the field of human resource management. We will write a custom essay sample on The name of the organization is Microcel Ltd or any similar topic only for you Order Now There are three areas in the company where cost control has become a concern. One is the shared usage of the printer. Another is the shared usage of the stationary. The third area of concern is the shared usage of company transportation. In the company income statements, all three cost categories are classified as overhead and deducted from revenue lump sum. However recently the company has been experiencing increasing costs in all three areas and therefore the management has decided to investigate. The investigation could be simplified if the management were to use activity based costing. In trying to identify which operational processes are responsible for increasing costs, it is useful to look at the different departmental processes. At Microcel, there are six departments: system design, programming, testing, multimedia development and graphics design, marketing and sales, administration. The company is using two network printers and all six departments are sharing those printers. Printing costs have been rising in the last 1 year. Therefore the management has to find out if there is any one particular department which is responsible for increasing costs. Once that department has been identified, necessary cost controls could be initiated. In apportioning costs of the printers to each of the departments, it is necessary to apply activity based costing. In this case the resource is the printer. The resource driver could be the amount of ink used by the department in a particular time period which could be one month. The activity could be the printing while the activity driver would be the number of pages printed. The cost object in this illustration is each of the six departments. Therefore, if the printers run out of ink twice a month, then the cartridges have to be changed 24 times in a year. Activity based costing would enable the management the assign total yearly costs of changing cartridges to each of the departments as below. Assuming that it takes $29 to change one cartridge, the total cost of changing cartridges in a year is $696. The next phase of the calculations is to determine how many pages have been printed in a year and of that total number of pages, how many were printed by each of the departments. If there were a total of 7200 pages printed in a year and of those 7200 pages, 1200 were printed by the programming department, then this department has incurred the yearly printing cost of $116 (($696/7200)*1200). In this manner, the remaining portions of the $696 dollars could be assigned to each of the departments and the department which has been experiencing rising costs could be identified. Costs in shared stationary have also been rising. Under the heading of stationary, many items are included. The principal items are printing paper, pens, pencils and markers. There are six departments which are using these categories of stationary. Depending on the level of detail required in the investigation, activity based costing could be applied to each category of stationary as applicable to each department or, if that level of detail is not required, activity based costing could be applied to the stationary category as a whole as applicable to each department. Assuming that activity based costing is applied to the category of stationary as a whole as applicable to each department, Then stationary as a whole would be regarded as the resource. Resource drivers would be the pens, pencils, markers and printing paper. Activities may be the number of requisitions for stationary submitted by the departments. Activity drivers would be the number of requisitions submitted in the given time period. The cost object is each of the departments. For illustration purposes, the programming department consumes four pens, four pencils, four markers and hundred pages of printing paper in each month. Assuming prices of pens, pencils, markers and printing paper to be $1, $.5, $1.2 and $.01 respectively, cost of stationary applicable to the programming department is $110.8 in each month. In a year, the total cost comes to $1329.6. If the total cost of all stationary purchased in a year is $10000 then the programming department accounts for 13% of that cost. Therefore if the total cost of processing requisitions from all six departments in a year is $8000, then the amount of costs to be assigned to the programming department is $1040 (8000*13%). In the case of transportation expenses, the resource would be the company car. Resource driver would be the amount of gasoline expended on the car. Activities would be requisitions for refueling and the activity driver the number of requisitions submitted. If the programming department has spent $1000 in a year in gasoline expenses and the total amount expended for all departments is $8000, then the programming department is responsible for 12% of the cost. If the total cost of processing transportation requisitions is $10000 in a year, the cost to be assigned to the programming department is 12% of $10000 = $1200. The three illustrations above demonstrate how activity based costing could be applied to Microcel. References Atkinson, Anthony A., et al. (2006). Management Accounting. McGraw Hill/Irwin. Horngren, Charles T., et al. (2006). Introduction to Management Accounting. Prentice Hall. Hansen, Don R., et al. (2007). Cost Management: Accounting Control. Prentice Hall. How to cite The name of the organization is Microcel Ltd, Papers

International Law a different point of view Essay Example For Students

International Law a different point of view Essay International law is the body of legal rules that apply between sovereign states and such other entities as have been grantedinternational personality (status acknowledged by the international community). The rules of international law are of a normativecharacter, that is, they prescribe towards conduct, and are potentially designed for authoritative interpretation by an international judicial authority and by being capable of enforcement by the application of external sanctions. The International Court of Justice is the principal judicial organ of the United Nations, which succeeded the Permanent Court of International Justice after WorldWar II. Article 92 of the charter of the United Nations states:The International Court of justice shall be the principal judicial organ of the United nations. It shall function in accordance with the annexed Statute, which is based upon the Statute of the Permanent court of International Justice and forms an integral part of The commands of internat ional law must be those that the states impose upon themselves, as states must give consent to thecommands that they will follow. It is a direct expression of raison detat, the interests of the state, and aims to serve the state, aswell as protect the state by giving its rights and duties. This is done through treaties and other consensual engagements which areThe case-law of the ICJ is an important aspect of the UNs contribution to the development of international law. Its judgementsand advisory opinions permeates into the international legal community not only through its decisions as such but through the widerimplications of its methodology and reasoning. The successful resolution of the border dispute between Burkina Faso and Mali in the 1986 Frontier Dispute case illustrates the utility of judicial decision as a means of settlement in territorial disputes. The case was submitted to a Chamber of the ICJpursuant to a special agreement concluded by the parties in 1983. In December 1985, while written submissions were being prepared, hostilities broke out in the disputed area. A cease-fire was agreed, and the Chamber directed the continued observance of the cease-fire, the withdrawal of troops within twenty days, and the avoidance of actions tending to aggravate the dispute or prejudice its eventual resolution. Both Presidents publicly welcomed the judgement and indicated their intention to comply with it. In the Fisheries Jurisdiction case (United Kingdom v. Iceland, 1974) the ICJ contributed to the firm establishment in law of the idea that mankind needs to conserve the living resources of the sea and must respect these resources. The Court observed:It is one of the advances in maritime international law, resulting from the intensification of fishing, that the former laissez-faire treatment of the living resources of the sea in the high seas has been replaced by a recognition of a duty to have due regard of the rights of other States and the needs of conservation for the benefit of all. Consequently, both parties have the obligation to keep inder review the fishery resources in the disputed waters and to examine together, in the light of scientific and other available information, the measures required for the conservation and development, and equitable exploitation, of these resources, taking into account any international agreement in force between them, such as the North-East Atla ntic Fisheries Convention of 24 January 1959, as well as such other agreements as may be reached in the matter in the The Court also held that the concept of preferential rights in fisheries is not static. This is not to say that the preferential rights of a coastal State in a special situation are a static concept, in the sense that the degree of the coastal States preference is to be considered as for ever at some given moment. On the contrary, the preferential rights are a function of the exceptional dependence of such a coastal State on the fisheries in adjacent waters and may, therefore, vary as the extent of that dependence changes. The Courts judgement on this case contributes to the development of the law of the sea by recognizing the concept of the preferential rights of a coastal state in the fisheries of the adjacent waters, particularly if that state is in a special situation with its population dependent on those fisheries. Moreover, the Court proceeds further to recogn ise that the law pertaining to fisheries must accept the primacy of the requirement of conservation based on scientific data. The exercise of preferential rights of the coastal state, as well as the hisoric rights of other states dependent on the same fishing grounds, have to be subject to the overriding consideration of proper conservation of the fishery resources for the benefit of all concerned. Some cases in which sanctions are threatened, however, see no actual implementation. The United States, for example, did not impose measures on those Latin American states that nationalized privately owned American property, despite legislation that authorizes the President to discontinue aid in the absence of adequate compensation. Enforcement measures are not the sole means of UN sanction. Skeptics of the coercive theory of international law note thatforceful sanctions through the United Nations are limited to situations involving threats to the peace, breaches of peace, and actsof aggressiion. In all other instances of noncompliance of international law, the charters own general provisions outlawing thethreat or use of force actually prevent forceful sanction. Those same skeptics regard this as an appropriate paradox in a decentralized state system of international politics. Nonetheless, other means of collective sanction through the UN involve diplomatic intervention and In 1967 the Security Council decided to isolate Southern Rhodesia (now Zimbabwe) for its policy of racial separation following its unilateral declaration of independence from Britain. As in other cases of economic sanctions, effectiveness in the Rhodesian situation was limited by the problems of achieving universal participation, and the res istance of national elites to external coercion. With respect to universal participation, even states usually sympathetic to Britains policy demonstrated weak compliance. The decentralization of sanctions remains one of the major weaknesses of international law. Although international bodiessometimes make decisions in the implementation of sanctions, member states must implement them. The states are the importers and exporters in the international system. They command industrial economies and the passage of goods across national boundaries. Furthermore, the UN is wholly dependent on its members on operating funds, so no matter what decisional authority its membersgive it, its ability to take action not only depends on its decision but also on means. Without the support, the wealth and the materialassistance of national governments, the UN is incapable of effective sanctions. The resistance of governments to a financially independent UN arises principally on their insistence on maintaining control over sanctioning processes in international politics. Nelson Mandela EssayThe Court also held that the concept of preferential rights in fisheries is not static. This is not to say that the preferential rights of a coastal State in a special situation are a static concept, in the sense that the degree of the coastal States preference is to be considered as for ever at some given moment. On the contrary, the preferential rights are a function of the exceptional dependence of such a coastal State on the fisheries in adjacent waters and may, therefore, vary as the extent of that dependence changes. The Courts judgement on this case contributes to the development of the law of the sea by recognizing the concept of the preferential rights of a coastal state in the fisheries of the adjacent waters, particularly if that state is in a special situation with its population dependent on those fisheries. Moreover, the Court proceeds further to recognise that the law pertaining to fisheries must accept the primacy of the requirement of conservati on based on scientific data. The exercise of preferential rights of the coastal state, as well as the hisoric rights of other states dependent on the same fishing grounds, have to be subject to the overriding consideration of proper conservation of the fishery resources for the benefit of all concerned. Some cases in which sanctions are threatened, however, see no actual implementation. The United States, for example, did not impose measures on those Latin American states that nationalized privately owned American property, despite legislation that authorizes the President to discontinue aid in the absence of adequate compensation. Enforcement measures are not the sole means of UN sanction. Skeptics of the coercive theory of international law note thatforceful sanctions through the United Nations are limited to situations involving threats to the peace, breaches of peace, and actsof aggressiion. In all other instances of noncompliance of international law, the charters own general provisions outlawing thethreat or use of force actually prevent forceful sanction. Those same skeptics regard this as an appropriate paradox in a decentralized state system of international politics. Nonetheless, other means of collective sanction through the UN involve diplomatic intervention and economic sanctions. In 1967 the Security Council decided to isolate Southern Rhodesia (now Zimbabwe) for its policy of racial separation following its unilateral declaration of independence from Britain. As in other cases of economic sanctions, effectiveness in the Rhodesian situation was limited by the problems of achieving universal participation, and the resistance of national elites to external coercion. With respect to universal participation, even states usually sympathetic to Britains policy demonstrated weak compliance. The decentralization of sanctions remains one of the major weaknesses of international law. Although international bodiessometimes make decisions in the implementation of sanctions, member states must implement them. The states are the importers and exporters in the international system. They command industrial economies and the passage of goods across national boundaries. Furthermore, the UN is wholly dependent on its members on operating funds, so no matter what decisional authority its membersgive it, its ability to take action not only depends on its decision but also on means. Without the support, the wealth and the materialassistance of national governments, the UN is incapable of effective sanctions. The resistance of governments to a financially independent UN arises principally on their insistence on maintaining control over sanctioning processes in international politics. Despite sweeping language regarding threats to peace, breaches of the peace, and acts of aggression, the role of the UnitedNationsin the enforcement of international law is quite limited. Indeed the purpose of the UN is not to enforce international law, but to preserve, restore and ensure political peace and security. The role of the Security Council is to enforce that part of international law that is either created or encompassed by the Charter of the United Nations. When aggression occurs, the members of the Council may decide politically but are not obliged legally to undertake collective action that will have sanctioning result. In instances of threats to or breaches of the peace short of war, they may decide politically to take anticipatory action short of force. Moreover, it is for the members of the Security Council to determine when a threat to peace, a breach of peace, or an act of aggression has occured. Even thi determination is made on political rather than legal crite ria. The Security Council may have a legal basis for acting, but self-interst determines how each of it members votes, irrespective of how close toaggression the incident at issue may be. Hence by virtue of both its constitutional limitations and the exercise of sovereign prerogatives by its members, the security councils role as a sanctioning device in international law is sharply restricted. As the subject matter of the law becomes more politicized, states are less willing to enter into formal regulation, or do so only with loopholes for escape from apparent constraints. In this area, called the law of community, governments are generally less willingto sacrifice their soverein liberties. In a revolutionary international system where change is rapid and direction unclear, the integrity of the law of community is weak, and compliance of its often flaccid norms is correspondingly uncertain. The law of the political framework resides above these other two levels and consists of the legal norms governing the ultimatepower relations of states. This is the most politicized level of international relations; hence pertinent law is extremely primitive. Those legal norms that do exist suffer from all the political machinations of the states who made them. States have taken care tosee that their behaviour is only minimally constrained; the few legal norms they have created always provide avenues of escape such as the big-power veto in the UN Security Council. Despite the many failures and restrictions of international law, material interdpendence, especially among the states of equivalent power, may foster the growth of positive legal principles. In addition, as friendships and emnities change,, some bilateral law may cease to be observed among new emnities, but new law may arise among new friends who have newfound mutual interests. In the meantime, some multicultural law may have been developed. Finally, research suggests that the social effects of industrialization are universal and that they result in intersocial tolerances that did not exist during periods of disparate economic capability. On social, political, ane economic grounds, therefore, international law is intrinsic to the transformation and modernization of the international system, even though the law of the political context has remained so far.